Circular Ecologies: Environmentalism and Waste Politics in Urban China - Paperbackby Amy Zhang (Author) After four decades of reform and development, China is confronting a domestic waste crisis. As the world's largest waste generating nation, the World Economic Forum projects that by 2030, the volume of household waste in China will be double that of the United States. Starting in the early 2000s, Chinese policymakers came to see waste management as an object of environmental governance central to the creation of "modern" cities,